Role of Phagocytes in Innate or Nonspecific Immunity

*What is the point of the immune system?

.Immune system keeps out pathogens

.Pathogens consist of bacteria, diseases, viruses, fungi, parasites, etc.

*What is inate immunity?

.Inate immunity is a non-specific line of defense for the body. It doesn't remember threats. It deals with generalized threats. For instance, it responds to all viruses and all bacteria; it is there to flush out all threats to enter the body.

*What is the first line of defense?

.The first line of defense's goal is to keep out pathogens by utilizing the skin, the oil on our skin, mucus membranes, stomach acids,

.Note: The digestion tract is really on the outside of the body, hypothetically

*What is the second line of defense?

.The second line of defense consists of a couple different responses like an inflamitory response, which brings cells that can combat the threat after it has breached the first defense.

.The second is phagocytes, which bond with threats and wrap around the pathogen, which becomes a phagozome, a vesicle,  after it engulfs the pathogen entirely. Once that happens, a highly reactive chemical or cell in the phagozome will breakdown in the area containing the threat and dissolve or digest it.

*What is major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II)?

.After the threat is broken down, the phagozome will integrate certain parts of the broken down proteins from the threat into the MHC II cells in the phagozome. It will then present this protein to a more specific section of the immune system. They use this protein to identify and kill this threat, which is integrated into the phagozones.

*What is an antigen?

The more specific section of the immune system is known as an antigen. Antigens are developed to create a defense against a specific pathogen.

Analysis: The Inate Immune System is really there to identify new threats to generate specific defenses against specific threats so the body can deal with the threat swifter.

What are Viruses and How do They Work?: Flipped Classroom Notes

*What is a virus?

.Viruses are common

.Almost all life has a virus specifically designed to infect it

.Viruses are much smaller than bacteria

.*Most scientists agree a virus is a complex chunk of organic matter that is able to replicate

*What is the structure of a virus?

.*Viruses are shells made of protein with a chunk of DNA or RNA inside

.They are really just a chunk of DNA or RNA

*How do viruses work?

.*Viruses attack cells and turn them into breeding grounds for the virus. They use them to produce the virus.

.*Uses outer protein code to bind to the outer membrane of the cell. The outer protein shell determines what cells the virus can attack. It is like a key and lock.

.*The virus uses a series of biological pathways to either have the cell accept the entire virus or accept portions of DNA or RNA to implement into the cell's genetic information.

*How do viruses replicate?

.*Once the cell is hijacked by the virus, it uses the cell to replicate the virus's DNA/RNA and create outer protein shells that can penetrate that of the same cell.

*What is bigger, a virus or bacteria?

.*Bacteria is much larger than viruses.

.Some scientists believe that the first multicelular lifeforms were born on account of a virus.

*What was difference between the Viral Tag game an the flipped classroom video?

.*During the tag game an immune system was involved. The video did not mention the immune system.

Analysis: A virus is, debatably, a non-living chunk of biomass, a shell made of protein containing specific sets of DNA or RNA, that replicates itself using cells found in different organisms. Different viruses target different cells in different organisms. Viruses, in the process of replicating itself, destroy the cell's primary functions. 

An Illustration of a Virus

What is a Virus? How do viruses work?